1 R. Ernest Dupuy and Trevor N. Dupuy; The Encyclopedia of Military History, 2d ed., 1986 New York Harper & Row p9
2 Victor Davis Hanson, The Western Way of War, 1989 New York Knopf p3
3 Hanson p4
4 Hanson p34
5 Dupuy & Dupuy p348
6 Dupuy & Dupuy p350
7 David Kaiser; Politics and War: European Conflict from Philip II to Hitler, 1990 Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, p109
8 Gunther E. Rothenberg; “Maurice of Nassau, Gustavas Adolphus, Raimondo Montecuccoli, and the “Military Revolution” of the seventeenth Century” in Peter Paret, Makers of Modern Strategy; 1986 Princeton Univ. Press p53
9 Dupuy & Dupuy p533, 537
10 Freeman Vol. 2 82
11 Peter and Fiona Somerset Fry, The history of Scotland, 1982 Routledge p.197; Magnus Magusson, Scotland: the Story of A Nation, 2000 NY Grove Press p.622-624)
12 Fernand Braudel; Civilization and Capitalism 15th-18th Century, 3 vols. 1981 (English trans.)New York Harper & Row p388 Vol. 1 Structures of everyday life: limits of the possible.
13 Hans Delbruck, History of the Art of War: Vol. 4 The Dawn of Modern Warfare, 1985 Lincoln, Neb., Univ. of Neb. Press (originally published 1920 Berlin)
14 Delbruck
15 Braudel p395
16 Marion Brunson Lucas, Sherman and the Burning of Columbia, College Station, TX cited in McPherson p81
17 Thomas Griess ed.; The Dawn of Modern Warfare, 1984 Wayne, NJ Avery p8117
18 Kaiser p220, 221
19 Official Records of Union and Confederate Armies Series I Vol. 32, 38, 39, 43 & 44.
20 Barbara Tuchman, The Guns of August, 1962 New York Macmillan p176
21 Tuchman p225-227 violence v civilians compare w/1864 in Georgia & So. Carolina.
22 Tuchman p313-315