APPENDIX

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Times of sunrise, sunset and twilight at McLemore Cove, Georgia; September 10,1863.

McLemore Cove Latitude = 34 degrees 47 minutes N. Lat.*

for August 15**

Latitude B.M.N.T. RISE SET E.E.N.T
35 4:20 5:19 6:49 7:48
30 4:32 5:27 6:42 7:37

for September 14

Latitude B.M.N.T. RISE SET E.E.N.T
35 4:46 5:41 6:10 7:05
30 4:51 5:42 6:08 7:00

for September 10***

Latitude B.M.N.T. RISE SET E.E.N.T
35 4:43 5:39 6:14 7:10
30 4:49 5:40 6:12 7:04

for September 10 at 34 degrees 47 minutes N. Lat.

Latitude B.M.N.T. RISE SET E.E.N.T
34.47 4:44 5:39 6:14 7:09

B.M.N.T.; Beginning Morning Nautical Twilight
E.E.N.T.; End Evening Nautical Twilight
Nautical Twilight is the time before sunrise where troops can see objects at a range of 400 yards; well enough for active combat. (Boatner, p.821)

Our conclusion is that beginning at about a quarter ‘til 5am on Thursday, September 10, 1863 at McLemore Cove, Georgia; there would have been adequate visibility to conduct military movements. Also, that by a few minutes after 7:00pm it would have become so dark to significantly impede any subsequent actions by troops. Further, that sunrise was just after 5:30am and sunset was at about a quarter after 6pm. (note: all times are local times)

*Note: McLemore Cove is about 15 miles south of the Tennessee-Georgia state line. The state line runs along the 35-degree north latitude. At 35-degree north latitude, one degree of latitude is about 69 miles. One-minute of latitude is then about 1.15 miles. We take 15 miles divide by 1.15 mile per minute, which gives about 13.06 minutes. Take 13 minutes from 35-degrees gives 34d47m N. as the latitude for McLemore Cove.

** Boatner, Mark M.; Civil War Dictionary, The; 1959, David McKay Co. New York

*** All figures interpolated for September 10 is the work of the author.

M. Collie

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